

http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/pubinfo/leaflets
information leaflets (what is for ex a leap year ?) and about astronomical questions
from the Royal Greenwich Observatory
http://www.cstv.to.cnr.it/toi/uk/toi.html
This very complete site has a good glossary and introduction to time measurement with
information about solar time, time zones, atomic time, legal time - also in Italian
and about Italian daysaving time - it offers a number of time measurement services
like network time protocol
http://physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/time.html
A Walk Through Time: The Evolution of Time Measurement - the evolution of time measurement
with the history of calendars - the first clocks - the atomic age, world time scales and
in NIST Time Calibration - a Java atomic web clock can synchronize windows
http://nextwave.sunyit.edu/~sts/timetech/timetech.html
Site with information about time
http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/glossary.htm
time glossary
http://www.ft.uni-erlangen.de/~mskuhn/iso-time.html
This sites has a summary of the international standard date and time notation.
International Standard ISO 8601 specifies numeric representations of date and time -
glossary - how time is calculated
http://www.geo.tudelft.nl/fmr/people/timesystems/timesystems.html
a real course at Delft University of Technology about time measurement now
http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/basics/bsf2-3.htm
a one page course from NASA about Time Conventions with questions at the end to see if you
have understood the text
http://hpiers.obspm.fr
A single leap second 23:59:60 is inserted into the UTC time scale every few years as
announced by the International Earth Rotation Service in Paris to keep UTC from wandering
away more than 0.9s from the less constant astronomical time scale UT1 that is defined by
the actual rotation of the earth.
| Timezones |
 |
ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub/
official codes and terms of time zones
http://community.bellcore.com/mbr/gmt-explained.html
explains GMT
http://www.ieee.org/uffc/fc
IEEE Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control Society (UFFC)
This clock displays UTC ( Coordinated Universal Time) which is referenced to the Greenwich
meridian - pdf documents of the International Frequency Control Symposium
about time, GPS, sensors and a more scientific treatment of time and frequency
http://www.meteor.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/z-time.htm
explains GMT and why it is important to international weather reporting
http://gateway.tourintel.ru/USEFUL/TIME.HTM
Table of time zones compared to GMT
http://atm.geo.nsf.gov/ieis/time.html
Charts of the time difference between GMT and local time for both standard time and
summertime (daylight savings time)..
http://www.meteor.wisc.edu/~hopkins/aos100/z-time.htm
By international agreement, the reported times for essentially all meteorological reports
are given according to Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), formerly called Greenwich Mean
Time (GMT). Essentially all the maps that you will encounter in this course will be
identified in Z time. GMT time is also referred to as "Z" or, phonetically,
"Zulu" time, for the letter identifying that time zone centered on the Greenwich
Prime Meridian - this is a page of general introduction information and definitions and
practical links
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/Libs/PCL/Map_collection/world_maps.html
From the Perry-Castaņeda Library Map Collection, world maps including political and
standard time zones maps
ftp://elsie.nci.nih.gov/pub
the database of all current and many historic timezone changes and daylight saving time
algorithms you will find in the tzcode* and tzdata* files and the archive for the
mailinglist
To subscribe to the mailinglist about timezones ( tz mailing list) send an email to
tz-request@elsie.nci.nih.gov.
http://www-atp.llnl.gov/atp/tzconvert.cgi
Timezone Converter
http://einstein.lerc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/tzconvert.pl
Timezone Converter
http://www.stud.unit.no/USERBIN/steffent/verdensur.pl
also Norwegian - every 5 minutes or minute update of the local time in worldcities -
worldclock - javaclock - calendar
http://www.worldtime.com
This site has an interactive world atlas and provides information about the local time for
all countries including sunrise and sunset times in several hundred cities - just click on
the map - choose your preferred settings - public holidays maybe available from may
http://www.hilink.com.au/times
local times around the world
http://www.01digital.com/time
current time for 619 cities
http://web.ukonline.co.uk/david.w34/davidw/_FIFTEEN.html
This site has a search engine where you can enter any city and it will tell you the local
time - download a Time Zone Map - see how many days, hours, minutes and seconds are left
until the millennium
http://swissinfo.net/cgi/worldtime
This guide attempts to list all of the world's countries, and many of its islands. Times
considers Daylight Savings Time. Except for the Atlantic, Pacific and Caribbean Islands,
islands are often included with either the sovereign country listing, or with the nearest
continent.
http://www.halyava.ru/tunguska/worldtm.htm
Many cookies are asked or placed - World Time Zone Map with current local times all over
the World - daytime & nighttime map - time zone maps for different regions and
countries
http://www.bsdi.com/date
date and time gateway gives a list of available cities, countries and time zones
http://poisson.ecse.rpi.edu/cgi-bin/tzconvert
The service is disabled but you can get free the unix/perl code to run it on your own
machine because the owner had no time to update his database - the converter program lets
you fill in the form with the time zone, time and date to convert from, and the time zone
to convert to and does the rest if you have an updated database including summertime
changes.
http://www.wco.com/~doo/cgi-bin/time.cgi
This site has the current time available for 596 cities, worldwide. Select place from the
list then submit to get current time. They will give you the code for unix machines free
of charge.
http://www.savetz.com/fishtime
The fishes understand time zones!
http://www.cs.yale.edu/cgi-bin/saytime.au
in a second frame is a speaking clock giving the time at Yale
http://www.nrc.ca/inms/whatime.html
The National Research Council provides the official time for Canada with a
"live" video image of the display of Canada's official time, uncorrected for
internet delays - Time zones and daylight saving time in Canada
http://air.com.hk/~jonc/time.html
time in Asian cities updated every minute if you reload the page
| Daylight saving Time
|
 |
http://www.energy.ca.gov/daylightsaving.html
where in the US it is used (not everywhere) and introduction
http://www.mcol.net/~carlson/dls.htm
The idea of daylight saving was mentioned in an essay by Benjamin Franklin in 1784.
http://www.nejm.org/publicM/1996/0334/0014/0924/1.htm
Daylight Savings Time and Traffic Accidents
Correspondence from The New England Journal of Medicine - April 4, 1996.
http://fatty.law.cornell.edu/uscode/15/260a.html
US code
http://grizzly.umt.edu/kaimin/oldkaimins/03-31-95/OPorg_daylightSave.html
history
http://www.timing.se/Daylight.html
for Europe
http://www.ausom.net.au/cgi-bin/time
Australia's Daylight Saving Times - and more information about time in Australia
| Calendars |
 |
ftp://login.dknet.dk/pub/ct
http://www.pip.dknet.dk/~pip10160/calendar.html
Calendar FAQ
http://www.greenheart.com/billh/index.html
calendar history and calendars today and why days are days and months months
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Larry_Freeman/calendar.htm
how the moon and seasons and laws created our calendar - The Calendar Origin Page is about
Why there are 24 hour days, 7 day weeks, 30 and 31 day months, where seasons came from and
how our calendar developed - correct millennium date - development of month names, moon
names, Gregorian & Orthodox calendars
http://www.astro.virginia.edu/~eww6n/astro/Calendar.html
one page of links to the detailed history of the calendars
http://www.pip.dknet.dk/~pip10160/calendar.html
questions and answers about calendars
http://genealogy.org/~scottlee/calconvert.cgi
convert dates into corresponding days in different calendars, the
Gregorian calendar ( the modern civil calendar currently used in most of the
orld), Julian calendar (the old civil calendar that was in use before the Gregorian), the
Jewish calendar and the French republican calendar used in France after the French
Revolution (1793 to 1805)
http://hastu.com/cgibin/timedate.html
Web Indonesian Time and Calendar - see online greetings at current local time and
the calendar including Masehi, Javanese (with Neptu), Hijriah, and the public
holidays of this year - gives also your local date in your browser
http://www.panix.com/~wlinden/calendar.shtml
today's date in various calendars and regions. Links to "today" information
http://www.magnet.ch/serendipity/hermetic/cal_stud/cal_art.htm
software for converting Julian and Gregorian calendars
http://adl.auslink.net/~gmarts/calendar.htm
the perpetual calendar is a calendar which applies from the start of the Gregorian
Calendar to the year 3899
http://cossc.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/cossc/datecnv.pl
interface for converting between Julian dates and traditional dates.
http://www.albion.edu/fac/engl/calendar
English Calendar - handbook of dates for students of English history and literature -
Converts between old and new style dates - calculates British regional years - calculates
the date of moveable religious holidays.
http://cssa.stanford.edu/~marcos/ec-cal.html
Ecclesiastical Calendar - enter a year and get the days and dates for several
Ecclesiastical celebrations during that year, including Easter and the movable
celebrations related to it.
http://serendipity.magnet.ch/hermetic/cal_stud.htm
coverts the Mayan, Goddess Lunar, Gregorian, Julian and other lunar calendars. Includes
DOS software to convert dates
http://www.magnet.ch/serendipity/hermetic/index.html
year 2000 - goddess calendar (A solar-count lunar calendar whose months stay in sync with
the lunar phase).- Mayan calendar - calendar software
http://www.interlog.com/~r937/doomsday.html
Doomsday Algorithm for Day of Week gives the day of the week (Sunday, Monday, etc.) for
any date
http://www.wlu.edu/~hblackme/history/carroll.html
Lewis Carroll's Algorithm for finding the day of the week for any given date
http://calendarhome.com
10.000 year calendar - calculator to find out how many days old you are
http://wwwcgi.umr.edu/cgi-bin/cgiwrap/msaumr/hijri
today in the Moslem calendar from and to Gregorian calendar conversion - important Islamic
events
http://www.cob.ohio-state.edu/~wmuhanna/IslamicTimer.html
software for DOS and Unix to convert to and from Islamic calendars to and from
Gregorian and Julian dates
http://arabia.com/prayer.html
worldwide Qibla and prayer times for islamists -for each city and time zone
http://www.ifcss.org/china/lunar.html
Chinese conversion between chines and Gregorian calendar
http://www.erols.com/eepeter/calconv.html
you can convert between the Julian (the system in use up till 1582) and the Gregorian (the
system in use from 1582 till the present) calendars and see the Julian day.
http://www.cnd.org/Other/calendar.html
Chinese Calendar Home Page - convert a date between solar and lunar calendars (Date
range: about 150 years from the Solar Date - 1998 Chinese calendars in pdf
http://www.friesian.com/chinacal.htm
introduction to the Chinese calendar solar terms, the 60 year calendar cycle
http://www.qi-journal.com/Astrology.html#anchor1069061
traditional Chinese astrology - the year in which you were born or the animal that
interests you
http://www.009.com/japanera
Japanese Era to/from Christian Year Converters - animal zodiac
Java and perl versions
http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/Larry_Freeman/calendar.htm
Larry Freeman's Calendar Origin Page Why 24 hour days, 7 day weeks, 30 and 31 day months,
where seasons came from and how our calendar developed, correct millennium date,
development of month names, moon names, Gregorian & Orthodox calendars,
http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/4274/newengl.htm
online and downloadable perpetual calendar which should be better than others
| Calendar reform |
 |
http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/~pymccart/calendar-reform.html
aims to promote thinking about calendar reform with newsletter
http://ecuvax.cis.ecu.edu/~pymccart/calendar-reform.html
World Calendar Association proposes a 12-month scheme with identical quarters, known as
"The World Calendar," and a 13-month scheme with identical months: "The
International Fixed Calendar."
http://www.burtz.ch/idc/burtz/petition/petition.idc?
At this site you will find an on-line petition to sign to stop changing the clocks. See
a list of approx. 1300 people who have already signed the petition
http://www.greenheart.com/billh/fixed.html
every day of the week has an identical position each month and lots of information
about calendars
http://www.stuaff.niu.edu/housing/unused/pragmcal.htm
pragmatic civil calendar - leap years with 53 weeks
http://www.earthportals.com/Earthportals/Portal_Messenger/arguelles.html#thirteen
WORLD THIRTEEN MOON CALENDAR CHANGE MOVEMENT - If the human race does not reject the
current twelve-month Gregorian Calendar and replace it by the new Thirteen Moon 28-Day
Calendar by July 26, 1995, it will very soon bring about its own self-destruction.
Changing calendars by this date is a planetary ultimatum. The Thirteen Moon Calendar
Change is the spearhead of a peace plan that calls for a universal cease-fire on July 25,
1995 to observe the historically unprecedented calendar change and a five-year follow-up
program, Pax Cultura Pax Biospherica.
Change your calendar. Change your mind. Change your world
http://www.infinet.com/~jayj/cal.htm
calendar reform - Each day is 24 hours. Each week is seven days. (No change there.)
Each month is four weeks, or 28 days. Each year is 13 months, or 52 weeks, or
364 days. The first day of the year is Sunday, January 1.
http://www.eoni.com/~wgatchel/time3.htm
Standard/Metric Calendar - units of time to be divisible by ten
http://www2.uic.edu/~mowens2/met.html
metric year society
http://www.endlessadventures.com/metric/metric.htm
if we were on metric time
http://www.geocities.com/CapitolHill/Lobby/7988
Decimal Calendar! - I propose that the calendar be divided into 10 months, instead of
12. Each month would be either 36 or 37 days long. Odd-numbered months would
be 37 days long, and even-numbered months would be
36 days long. In leap years, the extra day would be tacked onto December, becoming
December 37th. This could become a special celebration, a reason to
celebrate New Year's Eve two days in a row
http://www.lonet.ca/res/wshiell/abc.htm
A Bioregional Calendar (ABC) is an alternative that provides humanity with the ability to
organize while encouraging autonomous cultural expression ex The days are named Sunday,
Airday, Waterday and Grounday , reflecting our dependence on the environment for our
survival. - also a startime clock
http://www.timecube.com
Greenwich time is a lie - the earth rotates in 4 days - disprove it and you will win
1.000.000$
http://www.lonet.ca/res/wshiell/astuc.htm#aba
astuc manifesto - a save the universe club - in startime a day is divided in 18
stars - a bioregional calendar to download - clock
http://www.technosophy.com/milltime.htm
THE MILL OF TIME Celestial Cycles And Ancient Mythological Science
to announce the date of the beginning of the New Age, the Age of Aquarius, as
determined by a method believed to be the same one used by the ancient Magi of Chaldea and
other astronomical priesthoods in very early times
http://www.stime.com/main.html
stime is the time of the future - alternative clock - the autumnal equinox instead of
Greenwich - stime is based on the number 9
| Astronomical time |
 |
http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html
Explanatory Supplement to the Astronomical Almanac about calendars -
text about calendars
http://gladstone.uoregon.edu/~dari/lunar.html
solar to lunar and vice versa converter
http://imagiware.com/astro/moon.cgi?today
The Moon's Phase for today and last years
http://www.uta.fi/~blarku/suntimes.html
Sun rise/set times for many world cities
http://www.fourmilab.ch/cgi-bin/uncgi/Earth/action?opt=-p&img=cloudy.bmp
earth shadow UTC - map - you can choose the map and satellite
http://www.fourmilab.ch/earthview/vplanet.html
screensavers - earth and moon viewers
http://www.spiritweb.org/cgi/sunclock.cgi?width=600&height=300
shadow map of the world
http://www.uta.fi/~blarku/today.html
happened today - how much percentage of the year has elapsed - events - history - birthday
- sunrise - astronomy - horoscope
http://lash.une.edu.au/~drobinso/DSTtim.html
Does The Sun Keep Good Time? - the difference between daylight time and time - Daylight
Savings Time
http://www.lunaroutreach.org
Bringing the Moon Down to Earth - time on the moon - real-time phase of the moon updated
every minute - Dates and times of New Moons, First Quarters, Full Moons and Last Quarters
from 1923-2084
http://www.ameritech.net/users/paulcarlisle/MoonCalendar.html
You can set the calendar to any date from 3999 BC to 3999 AD
and shows every phase of the moon
http://www.erols.com/shaukat/sksmoon.html
moonsighting - Where on earth earliest moonsighting is possible after next
new moon? Visibility of the Crescent Moon is calculated using the criterion
developed by Khalid Shaukat. This criterion makes use of over 850
sighting/non-sighting observations, collected over a period of 150 years
in different locations of the world. In recent times, such data are collected
by the Committee For CrescentObservation. After careful analysis of
collected data an algorithm is developed to calculate the certainty of
sighting.- calculated for different world cities
http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Olympus/4844/astrofor.html
ASTRONOMY FORMULAS of which time and periodicity formulas for people with more than just a
small basic knowledge
